Most of the classical dances of India enact stories from Hindu mythology. The dancer acts out a story almost exclusively through gestures. Classical dance Ĭlassical dance of India has developed a type of dance-drama that is a form of total theater. Classical and folk dance forms also emerged from Indian traditions, epics and mythology. India has a number of classical Indian dance forms, each of which can be traced to different parts of the country. The classical dances are rooted in Natya Shastra. The most studied version of the Natya Shastra text consists of about 6000 verses structured into 36 chapters. The first complete compilation of Natya Shastra is dated to between 200 BCE and 200 CE, but estimates vary between 500 BCE and 500 CE. He credits the art his text systematically presents to times before him, ultimately to Brahma who created Natya-veda by taking the word from the Rigveda, melody from the Samaveda, mime from the Yajurveda, and emotion from the Atharvaveda. The classic text of dance and performance arts that has survived is the Hindu text Natya Shastra, attributed to sage Bharata. estimate the Natasutras to have been composed around 600 BCE, whose complete manuscript has not survived into the modern age. This performance arts related Sutra text is mentioned in other late Vedic texts, are as two scholars names Shilalin ( IAST: Śilālin) and Krishashva (Kṛśaśva), credited to be pioneers in the studies of ancient drama, singing, dance and Sanskrit compositions for these arts. The evidence of earliest dance-related texts are in Natasutras, which are mentioned in the text of Panini, the sage who wrote the classic on Sanskrit grammar, and who is dated to about 500 BCE. The Vedic sacrifice ( yajna) is presented as a kind of fight, with its actors, its dialogues, its portion to be set to music, its interludes, and its climaxes. The Sanskrit verses in chapter 13.2 of Shatapatha Brahmana (≈800–700 BCE), for example, are written in the form of a play between two actors. The Vedas integrate rituals with performance arts, such as a dramatic play, where not only praises to gods were recited or sung, but the dialogues were part of a dramatic representation and discussion of spiritual themes. For example, the Dancing Girl sculpture is dated to about 2500 BCE, showing a 10.5 centimetres (4.1 in) high figurine in a dance pose. Several sculptures found at Indus Valley Civilisation archaeological sites, now distributed between Pakistan and India, show dance figures. The earliest paleolithic and neolithic cave paintings such as the UNESCO world heritage site at Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya Pradesh show dance scenes. The origins of dance in India go back to ancient times. A tribal dance is a more local form of folk dance, typically found in one tribal population typically tribal dances evolve into folk dances over a historic period. A semi-classical Indian dance is one that contains a classical imprint but has become a folk dance and lost its texts or schools. Ī folk Indian dance is one which is largely an oral tradition, whose traditions have been historically learnt and mostly passed down from one generation to the next through word of mouth and casual joint practice. Classical Indian dances have historically involved a school or guru-shishya parampara (teacher-disciple tradition) and require studies of the classical texts, physical exercises, and extensive training to systematically synchronize the dance repertoire with underlying play or composition, vocalists and the orchestra. Nomenclature Ĭlassical dance is one whose theory, training, means and rationale for expressive practice is documented and traceable to ancient classical texts, particularly the Natya Shastra. In India, a command over either of Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Oriya, Meitei ( Manipuri), Persian, or Arabic, are highly appreciated and respected for learning dances (most significantly Indian Classical Dances) as dancers could have the tools of these languages to go into the primary material texts. Dances in Indian films, like Bollywood Dance for Hindi films, are often noted for freeform expression of dance and hold a significant presence in popular culture of the Indian subcontinent. Dancing traditions of India have influence not only over the dances in the whole of South Asia, but on the dancing forms of Southeast Asia as well. Contemporary dances include refined and experimental fusions of classical, folk, and Western forms. Mohiniyattam at Kannur district school kalothsavam 2019įolk dances are numerous in number and style and vary according to the local tradition of the respective state, ethnic, or geographic region.
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